History of electronic components

The history of development of electronic components is actually a condensed history of electronic development. Electronic technology is an emerging technology that began to develop at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. It has developed most rapidly and been widely used in the 20th century, and has become an important symbol of the development of modern science and technology.

In 1906, the American inventor De Forest Lee invented the vacuum triode (electron tube). The first generation of electronic products is based on the electron tube. At the end of the 1940s, the world was born the first semiconductor transistor, which is small, lightweight, power-saving, long life and other characteristics, and was soon applied by various countries, replacing the electron tube in a large range. In the late 1950s, the first integrated circuit appeared in the world, which integrated many transistors and other electronic components on a silicon chip, making electronic products more miniaturized. Integrated circuits have developed rapidly from small-scale integrated circuits to large-scale integrated circuits and very large scale integrated circuits, so that electronic products develop in the direction of high efficiency, low consumption, high precision, high stability and intelligence. Because the four stages of the development of electronic computers can fully explain the characteristics of the four stages of the development of electronic technology, the following is from the four times of the development of electronic computers to explain the characteristics of the four stages of the development of electronic technology.

The emergence and rapid development of the electronic components industry in the 20th century has made the whole world and people's work and living habits have undergone earth-shaking changes. The development history of electronic components is actually the development history of the electronics industry.

In 1906, the American Deforest invented the vacuum triode, which was used to amplify the sound current of the telephone. Since then, there has been a strong expectation that a solid device can be produced as a lightweight, inexpensive and long-life amplifier and electronic switch.

In 1947, the birth of point-contact germanium transistors opened a new page in the history of electronic devices. However, this kind of point-contact transistor has a fatal weakness of unstable contact point in its construction. At the same time as the successful development of point-contact transistors, the junction transistor theory has been proposed, but until people can prepare ultra-high purity single crystals and can arbitrarily control the conductive type of crystals, junction crystal pipes really appear. In 1950, the earliest germanium alloy transistor with useful value was born. In 1954, the junction silicon transistor was born. Since then, the concept of field-effect transistors has been proposed. With the emergence and development of material technologies such as defect-free crystallization and defect control, extra-crystal birth length technology and diffusion doping technology, pressure-resistant oxide film preparation technology, corrosion and lithography technology, a variety of electronic devices with excellent performance have appeared one after another, and electronic components have gradually entered the transistor era from the vacuum tube era and the era of large-scale and ultra-large scale integrated circuits. Gradually forming the semiconductor industry as a representative of high-tech industry.

Due to the needs of social development, electronic devices have become more and more complex, which requires electronic devices must have reliability, fast speed, low power consumption, light weight, miniaturization, low cost characteristics. Since the idea of integrated circuits was proposed in the 1950s, the first generation of integrated circuits was successfully developed in the 1960s due to the progress of comprehensive technologies such as material technology, device technology and circuit design. In the history of semiconductor development. The emergence of integrated circuits has epoch-making significance: its birth and development have promoted the progress of copper core technology and computers, and historic changes have taken place in various fields of scientific research and the structure of industrial society. The integrated circuit invented by virtue of superior science and technology has enabled researchers to have more advanced tools, which has produced many more advanced technologies. These advanced technologies have further led to the emergence of higher performance and cheaper integrated circuits. For electronic devices, the smaller the volume, the higher the integration; The shorter the response time, the faster the computational processing speed; The higher the transmission frequency, the more information can be transmitted. The semiconductor industry and semiconductor technology are known as the basis of modern industry, and have also developed into a relatively independent high-tech industry.